The Therapeutic Decision Making exam (TDM) is an assessment exam offered by the Medical Council of Canada (MCC) to test the capabilities of IMGs seeking to practice medicine in Canada. This very important exam became mandatory in 2018 after the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Alberta declared that those not eligible for their General Register must pass the TDM before pursuing independent practice. The exam is written to ensure that foreign-trained doctors who seek to live and practice family medicine in the country possess a native-trained doctor’s standardized therapeutic decision-making skills to treat and interact with Canadian citizens.
Therapeutic decision-making refers to assessing and observing your patients’ symptoms and complaints, puzzling out any underlying or contributing factor, and then giving out a diagnosis of the most appropriate course of treatment. It is a vastly important step in the interaction of patient and doctor. As such, the TDM exam is designed to determine if IMGs have the necessary clinical skills and knowledge to meet the standards expected of physicians in Canada. As of 2020, changes were made to update the protocol, and IMGs were required to meet the Provisional Register requirements and undergo a Review of Qualifications before taking the TDM exam. This change was done to expedite recruitment and align more closely with Practice-Ready assessment (PRA) programs nationwide.
The TDM exam ensures that candidates can competently manage common or significant clinical scenarios encountered by family physicians in Canada, encompassing health promotion, illness prevention, acute and chronic illness management, and understanding the safety and adverse effects of your treatment modality, whether pharmacologic or surgical.
Exam Format and Structure
The TDM exam is a 3.5-hour computer-based assessment held nationally at Prometric test centers or online using the Proproctor system. It comprises 40 cases of patient-based scenarios, each carrying between one and four questions, resulting in approximately 100 short-answer write-in questions. The exam is offered in both English and French. Candidates are provided with text boxes to answer each question; each box is meant for one response, and multiple boxes are provided for questions with multiple responses.
The TDM exam assesses clinical decision-making skills, specifically within the context of Family Medicine. It evaluates your ability to gather relevant patient information through history taking and physical examination, identify and consider potential diagnoses based on the clinical information provided, and select and interpret diagnostic tests appropriately to confirm or rule out these diagnoses. Additionally, it tests your capacity to formulate effective treatment plans using evidence-based approaches, manage medications, and make necessary referrals. The exam also emphasizes your communication skills, including clearly explaining diagnoses and treatment options to patients and addressing their concerns and anxieties.
The questions will challenge your critical-thinking skills by asking you to make specific treatment decisions and justify your reason for selecting them. Your knowledge of pharmacology will be tasked as you might be asked to provide names of drugs, dosage, route, frequency, and/or duration for admission orders and prescriptions. You should also have a good grasp of common adverse effects and drug interactions and how to manage them.
Important dates for 2025
Traditionally, the TDM exam is held three times a year, and 2025 should be no different as the MCC already has prospective dates for the three exams. The first is to be held on January 15, 2025, but registration began on the 28th of October and ended on the 25th of November 2025. The other two dates chosen are the 28th of May and the 17th of September.
Be aware that the dates given are tentative and may be subject to change. Also, note that registration periods typically open several months before the exam date. It’s essential to apply early, as scheduling is on a first-come, first-served basis. Ensure you meet all eligibility requirements and have completed the necessary application procedures through your Practice-Ready Assessment (PRA) program.
How to Register
Before you can begin to apply for the exam, you must determine if you meet the eligibility requirements set by the CPSA. You do this by submitting a Review of Qualifications to physiciansapply.ca, the MCC’s comprehensive account-based portal. Your qualifications will be verified by the MCC before the CPSA issues you an eligibility letter outlining the next steps.
The next thing to do is determine the period you want to write the exam and monitor the website for when the application period opens up. To ensure you secure the date that works best for you, you must be quick because scheduling is done on a first-come, first-served basis.
You apply through the CPSA online portal using the email you used to submit your Review of Qualifications. Your application should be accompanied by your medical identification number for Canada, your country of residence, your language preference if you require special test accommodations and details of previous exam attempts.
Your application will be reviewed by the CPSA, and if approved, you’ll be notified of your eligibility through email. The next step is to pay the exam fee, which is due the moment the CPSA approves your application. Your spot is not secured until you pay. In 2025, the cost of the TDM exam is slated to be $2640 + GST (Jan-Mar) and $2900 + GST (Apr-Dec). GST refers to goods and service tax, which is about 5%.
A few weeks before the exam, the MCC will send you your Authorization to test (ATT) number and scheduling instructions via your physiciansapply.ca account. Schedule your exam through Prometric, choosing either a test center or remote proctoring.
Tips for Preparation
- Secure hard copies of the necessary documents that will be required from you on the day of the exam. This includes your identification; it should be a valid government-issued photo ID. Keep a copy of your CPSA eligibility letter and ensure more than one year has not passed since the date of issuance. Finally, retain the receipt of your exam fee payment.
- Create a Study Plan: To make the most of your time, divide your preparation into manageable sections. We recommend you spend weeks 1–4 focused on learning and reviewing key topics. Weeks 5–6 should be spent practicing case-based scenarios and identifying weak areas. Weeks 7–8 should be used to revise and take mock exams under timed conditions.
- Develop Time Management Skills: Practice completing short-answer questions quickly and efficiently. Your goal should be to write concise, focused answers that show your reasoning process, as that is more important than a lengthy tirade.
- Prepare with CanadaQBank: CanadaQBank is a leading resource created to support candidates in mastering the TDM Exam through its comprehensive and targeted question banks. Tailored specifically for the TDM format, it provides users with a realistic exam preparation experience, ensuring they develop the clinical decision-making skills essential for Family Medicine practice in Canada. The Qbank offers 312 expertly crafted, simulated cases, each featuring one to four short-answer write-in questions. With 796 questions, the platform mirrors real-world scenarios, enabling users to practice identifying differential diagnoses, selecting diagnostic tests, and formulating effective treatment plans. Each question is accompanied by detailed answers and explanations, strengthening understanding and reinforcing evidence-based medical practices. Users can customize their preparation by choosing test modes, including timed, un-timed, and tutor options. Features such as adjustable test block sizes and note-taking during tests provide flexibility and a personalized study experience. The platform also tracks progress through detailed test analysis, cumulative performance summaries, and score comparisons with other users, helping candidates identify and address their weaknesses. Finally, CanadaQBank continuously updates its cases and explanations, ensuring alignment with the latest clinical guidelines.